![]() Polychlorocycloalkanes cyclodienes insecticide isoxazolines macrocyclic lactones metadiamides phenylpyrazoles resistance toxicity. Also, the precise sites of action of the recently introduced isoxazolines and meta-diamides will be of interest to pursue. However, the subunit composition of native GABA receptors remains unknown and studies to clarify this are needed. An overview of all major insecticide classes targeting insect GABA-gated chloride channels has enhanced our understanding of these important receptors and their insecticide binding sites. Toxicity issues relating to insecticides targeting GABA-gated chloride channels are also addressed. Mutations that lead to resistance are discussed as they can be important in developing field diagnostic tests. The actions on GABA-gated chloride channels of polychlorocycloalkanes, cyclodienes, macrocyclic lactones, phenylpyrazoles, isoxazolines, and metadiamides are described and the mechanisms of action of members of these insecticide classes are addressed. Since some GABA receptor modulators act on L-glutamate-gated chloride channels, some comparisons are included. ![]() Oxidative stress caused by pesticides is an important mechanism through which many of the pesticides exert their harmful effects. We have reviewed studies on native and recombinant insect GABA-gated chloride channels, their interactions with ligands acting at orthosteric and allosteric sites and their interactions with insecticides. Pesticides have shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases as well as various disorders of the respiratory and reproductive tracts. Although this important subunit readily forms robust functional homomeric receptors when expressed, alternative splicing and RNA A-to-I editing can generate diverse forms of the receptor. The important resistant to dieldrin GABA receptor subunit (RDL) has been used to investigate insecticide sites of action using radioligands, electrophysiology and site-directed mutagenesis. Several classes of insecticides targeting insect GABA-gated chloride channels have been developed. ![]() ![]() Γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors play a central role in fast inhibitory neurotransmission in insects. ![]()
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